2025 Reconciliation Resources

The 119th Congress is expected to use the reconciliation process to pass legislation with a significant fiscal impact, such as extending the expiring portions of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA). To ensure that the public has current and accurate information, the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget has been publishing various resources related to reconciliation and the possible debate around that legislation. The list below will be updated as we continue to publish additional products on the topic.

In order for the reconciliation process to begin, the House and Senate must pass a concurrent budget resolution that includes a deficit reduction or cost target for relevant committees. Each committee would then propose policies to meet those targets and compile them into reconciliation legislation. The final package would be eligible to be privileged in the Senate, meaning that it would not be subject to the filibuster. Since Congress never enacted a budget resolution for FY 2025, that resolution is still available to pass and begin the reconciliation process. Congress could also utilize an FY 2026 budget resolution. Read more in our Reconciliation 101 paper.

Offsets and Savings

• Potential Savings from Shrinking the Federal Workforce (3/7/25)
• Hundreds of Billions in Medicaid Savings from Financing Schemes (2/20/25)
• How Much Revenue Will Trump's Tariffs Raise? (2/4/25)
• Trump's Latest Tariff Plan Could Raise $1.5 Trillion (1/22/25)
• CBO's Medicare Savings Options (1/16/25)
• CBO's "Other Mandatory" Savings Options (1/8/25)
• Budget Offsets Bank (12/17/24)
• Options to Raise Tariff Revenue (12/17/24)
• Medicaid Savings Options (12/12/24)
• Options for Reducing the Revenue Loss of TCJA Extension (12/3/24)
• Reversing Biden Executive Actions Could Save up to $1.4 Trillion (11/26/24)
• There Are Plenty of Offsets for Tax Cut Extensions (11/25/24)
• $700 Billion of Easy Deficit Reduction (11/14/24)

Policy Products and Blogs

• Medicare Advantage Will Be Overpaid by $1.2 Trillion (3/26/25)
• Tax Cut Extensions Would Add $37 Trillion to Debt by 2054 (3/24/25)
• Ending Taxes Below $150,000 Would Lose $10 to $15 Trillion (3/21/25)
• Senators Push Back Against Current Policy Gimmick (3/20/25)
• Experts Push Back on Current Policy Switch (3/14/25)
• A $2 Trillion Cut Compared to $86 Trillion in Spending (3/13/25)
• Putting the Reconciliation Resolution in Context (3/11/25)
• House Spending Cuts Would Not Be Largest in History (3/10/25)
• New Estimates Confirm Economic Growth Won't Pay for Tax Cuts (3/6/25)
• "Current Policy Baseline" Gimmick Could Explode the Debt (2/27/25)
• House Budget Allows At Least $2.8 Trillion of Deficit Increases (2/21/25)
• What's in the Senate Budget Committee's Budget Resolution? (2/20/25)
• Taking a Closer Look at the House Budget's Reconciliation Instructions (2/12/25)
• $3 Trillion of Dynamic Feedback is Fantasy Math (2/7/25)
• Trump Tax Priorities Total $5 to $11 Trillion (2/6/25)
• Interest Costs Would Explode with $5.5 Trillion Reconciliation Package (2/5/25)
• Weakening the SALT Cap is Costly, Benefits High-Earners, & Increases Tax Complexity (1/29/25)
• FY 2025 & 2026 Budget Resolution Principles (1/24/25)
• Has TCJA Paid for Itself? (1/22/25)
• Putting Numbers to TCJA Dynamic Feedback Estimates (1/9/25)
• Weakening the SALT Cap Would be a Costly Mistake (1/9/25)
• Kent Conrad: The Conrad Rule is the Answer to our Budget Reconciliation Woes (12/17/24)
• TCJA Extension Might Not Pay for Any of Itself (12/10/24)
• You Can’t Just Wish Away Deficit Effects by Assuming Something is Permanent (11/21/24)
• Plans to Address TCJA Expirations (10/17/24)
• Bipartisan Group Urges Congress to Pay for Tax Cut Extension (10/16/24)
• SALT Cap Expiration Could Be Costly Mistake (8/28/24)
• TCJA Extension Could Add $4 to $5 Trillion to Deficits (6/13/24)
• Tax Cut Extension Would Only Pay for 1% to 14% of Itself (6/6/24)
• Build Your Own Tax Extensions

Educational Materials

• 2025 Reconciliation Tracker (3/20/25)
• Chartbook: Reconciliation 101 (2/28/25)
• Meeting Fiscal Goals Under CBO's January 2025 Baseline (1/29/25)
• Reconciliation 101 (11/18/24)
• Meeting Fiscal Goals Under CBO’s June 2024 Baseline (7/25/24)

Press Releases

• Budget Resolution Must Have Real Savings Instructions for the Senate (3/27/25)
• Raise the Debt Ceiling & Reduce the Debt (3/26/25)
• Lawmakers Should Ensure Reconciliation Reduces Debt (3/25/25)
• CRFB Reaction to the President's Joint Address to Congress (3/5/25)
• Continued Inflation Highlights Danger of More Deficits (2/28/25)
• House Budget Passage Tees Up Trillions in Borrowing (2/25/25)
• House Budget Allows for Too Much Debt (2/18/25)
• House Reconciliation Instructions Sets Stage for Way Too Much Borrowing (2/12/25)
• Budget Resolutions Should Set Up Deficit Reducing Reconciliation (2/11/25)
• Reconciliation Should Indeed Reduce Budget Deficits (1/31/25)
• Current Policy Baseline Would Set Dangerous Precedent (1/27/25)
• Budget Resolution Should Provide a Plan for Realistic Debt Reduction (1/8/25)
• Deficit-Reducing Reconciliation Is Just What We Need (12/18/24)
• Policymakers Should Include Dynamic Scores for Tax Reform (12/2/24)
• Budget Reconciliation Should Be Used to Reduce the Debt, Not Add to It (11/19/24)
• Tax Cuts Need Offsets, Not Baseline Games (9/26/24)

Events

• Reconciliation 101: The Budget Resolution & What Comes Next (2/25/25 at 2:00 PM ET)