Papers

View our recurring reports, which summarize and analyze the most important regular federal budget releases and reports.

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Appropriations 101

What are appropriations? How does Congress determine the total level of appropriations? How does Congress allocate appropriations? How are...

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Debt Ceiling Q&A

The debt ceiling currently stands at $41.1 trillion, having been lifted to that level by the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) signed into law on...

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Capital building

Reconciliation 101

What is Reconciliation? How do Reconciliation Instructions Work? Can a Reconciliation Bill Add to the Deficit? What is the “Byrd Rule”? What are Other...

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