Comparison of Health Care Reform Bills
Yesterday, the White House released its version of a health care reform bill to restart the debate on how to reform the country's health care system. The CBO has announced that it will not be able to provide a detailed cost estimate of the proposal this week, citing additional needed information and the complexity of the issues involved.
In the table below, CRFB has expanded on a table put together by Think Progress' Wonk Room, in order to compare the major components within each proposal.
| Provision | House | Senate | Obama |
| Max. % of income paid as premium (numerical avg.) | 6.75% | 5.9% | 5.75% |
| Percent of cost paid by insurance plan (avg.) | 83.5% | 80% | 82% |
| Spending on Community Health Center (five yrs) | $12 billion | $8.5 billion | $11 billion |
| Oversight of Premiums | Rate review of proposed premium increases | Rate review of proposed premium increases | Creates Health Insurance Rate Authority to oversee premiums |
| Consumer Protections | Grandfather policy, but must complywith certain rules within five years | Grandfather policy | Grandfather policy, but plans must comply with certain protections |
| Individual Mandate | 2.5% of income penalty for lack of compliance | Flat fee or % of income for non-compliance, but hardship waiver | Same as Senate but lower flat fee and % of income penalty |
| Employer Mandate and Small Business Support | 8% payroll tax for employers who do not offer acceptable health insurance | No requirement but large employers must pay amount for workers getting tax credits |
Small businesses: tax credits; Large employers: same requirement as Senate Bill |
| Medicare Advantage | Phases down payments based on local costs | Creates a "bidding model" for payment rates | Phases down payments based on local cost, incentivizes quality and enrollee satisfaction |
| High-Cost Excise Tax | None | 40% tax on plans above $8,500 for singles, $23,000 for families starting in 2013 | 40% tax on plans above $10,200/$27,000 starting in 2018 |
| High-Income Taxes | 5.4% surcharge on high-income earners | 0.9% HI tax increase on earning above a certain amount | Same as Senate, in addition to 2.9% tax on unearned income for those making over $200,000/$250,000 |
| Fee on Brand Name Pharmaceuticals | None | Raises $13 billion over 10 years | Raises $23 billion over 10 years |
| Closing Tax Loopholes | Tightens bio-fuels tax credit, penalizes "unjustified" tax sheltered transactions | None | Adopts House bill policies |
| Federal Matching for Medicaid | 100% federal matching, then 91% after first two years | 100% federal matching first two years, then 32.3% increase in state's regular federal match | 100% federal matching initially, phasing down to 90% by 2020 |
| Health Insurance Providers Fee | None | Raises $67 billion over 10 years | Delay fee until 2014 and exempt certain providers |
| Medical Device Fee | Raises $20 billion over 10 years | Raises $20 billion over 10 years | makes fee an excise tax, delayed until 2013, raises same revenue |
| CLASS Act | Provides Payroll deduction for a program that provides cash disability benefits | Same as House bill | Strengthens long-run solvency of program (unspecified) |
| Other New Provisions | N/A | N/A | Protects Social Security Trust Fund, spends $1 billion to effectively implement reform policies |
| New Provisions from Kirk Bill (H.R. 3970) | N/A | N/A | Background checks of Medicare billing agencies, exclusing individuals making fraudulent Medicare claims, better fraud informations sharing, hold Medicare contractors liable for payments made to excluded providers, strengthens standards for community mental health centers, recovers Medicare payments to fraudulent health care providers |
